In normal cells the processes that govern cell division, growth and death are highly controlled. However, in malignant disease these processes are disrupted leading to uncontrolled growth of cells and the formation of tumors.

One of the major advances in cancer has been a fuller understanding of the processes involved in the abnormal growth of cancer cells. Merck KGaA is one of the companies leading the research in this area.

This research has shown that cells constantly receive signals from their neighbors and the external environment which tell them how to behave. These signals are picked up by molecules embedded in the cell surface designed specifically for this purpose, one example being the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Stimulation of these receptors influences the cell’s decision whether to grow, divide or die.

 

Computer model of the molecular structure of a monoclonal antibody

 
In many cancers, including colorectal cancer, EGFR is often inappropriately activated, leading to uncontrolled cell growth. Cetuximab, a member of the class of drugs called monoclonal antibodies, has been developed specifically to block EGFR, thereby blocking tumor growth and inducing tumor regression.
 
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